Memorial tower recalls Kaiser Shipyard, which changed Vancouver forever

After you’ve climbed the easy 55 steps, train your eyes on the sweeping view of the historic Vancouver waterfront and the Columbia River, not so much on the Henry J. Kaiser Shipyard Memorial itself.

The panorama is beautiful and educational. The triangular tower is, too, but it needs a thorough graffiti-cleanup job. (Go figure: Some illegal scribblers bother to leave their full names.)

The tower’s steps are relatively shallow and reach just three stories — about 30 feet — into the sky over Vancouver’s Marine Park Boat Launch, where parking costs $5. From up there, you can watch traffic in the river and in the sky. Upriver are nearby beachcombers and Mount Hood in the distance. Downriver are Vancouver’s waterfront industries and the Interstate 5 Bridge.

The Henry J. Kaiser Shipyard Memorial tower recalls a time when our own Vancouver was at the center of the World War II effort, a massive military-industrial project that also transformed this city forever.

The Columbian hereby puffs up its normally modest, journalistically neutral chest to report that the tower was our idea.

It came up in a 1990 Columbian column by Brian Cantwell, said Vancouver marketing manager Melody Burton. That was when the shipyards were approaching their 50th anniversary.

We contacted Cantwell, who’s now retired and living the San Juan Islands. In 1990, he pursued a monthslong reporting project to visit other urban waterfronts and see what Vancouver might do with its own historic waterfront, then in a “state of neglect and lack of public access,” Cantwell said by email.

Citizen army

Henry J. Kaiser was an ambitious construction magnate from the East Coast who built dams in the West, and then got into shipbuilding in California in 1940 with war on the horizon.

“Kaiser’s shipyards rewrote the book on this town,” Cantwell wrote in a December 1990 Columbian column. “It was 49 years ago this week that America was in a panic, mobilizing for war. A week earlier, much of the U.S. Pacific fleet was bombed to the bottom of Pearl Harbor.

“Within weeks, just halfway into January 1942, miracle-maker (Henry) Kaiser had bought 100 acres of Fred and Bertha Boss’ family farm and leased another 100 acres along the Columbia River from Vancouver’s Hidden family.

“Just four months into 1942, a citizen army showed up for its first day of work in a yard that would keep Vancouver’s night sky lit and air full of slamming and banging and clanking for years to come,” Cantwell wrote.

“They broke a world record for construction of the first Liberty ship, the George Vancouver, launched July 4, 1942. Over the next four years, the shipyard would launch 10 Liberty ships, 30 tank-landing ships, 50 escort aircraft carriers, 31 attack transports, 12 troop transports and eight cargo ships.”

According to placards at the tower site, 141 vessels were built at Vancouver’s Kaiser Shipyard.

Pre-war, Vancouver’s whole population was 18,000. But at its busiest, the shipyard employed 38,000 people and drew an estimated 100,000 people to the area. (Three-quarters of that total, an estimated 75,000, turned out on April 5, 1943, to watch first lady Eleanor Roosevelt smash a bottle of Champagne against the first escort aircraft carrier built at the local yard.)

The Vancouver Housing Authority launched in February 1942 to raise acre upon acre of worker housing. The neighborhoods we now call Fruit Valley, Ogden and McLoughlin Heights were all born in a rush during this time, along with schools, churches, shopping centers, victory gardens and a hospital called Northern Permanente. (The original, in California, was on the Permanente River.)

Most of those original structures are gone now, but the Kaiser Permanente health care company remains.

The immediate need for labor drew diverse workers from across a growing nation. Inspired by songs, posters and magazine covers of Rosie the Riveter, women took jobs at the shipyard working alongside men.

Many Black people left the South to find more opportunity and freedom from discrimination in the Pacific Northwest. They may have found it, but it didn’t last. The Black population of Vancouver plummeted from 9,000 in 1940 to just 440 in 1960, according to the Civil Rights and Labor History Consortium at the University of Washington, and has never really recovered. In 2020, the decennial U.S. Census counted 6,228 Black people in Vancouver, about 3 percent of a total population of nearly 191,000.

Business and labor

In the early 1990s, the city formed a committee to pursue the same goal as Cantwell’s journalism: reimagining how Vancouver could reconnect with the river.

“Quite a few important projects came out of that multiyear initiative, including the Columbia River Renaissance Trail,” Burton said. “The committee incorporated the idea of a Kaiser Shipyard memorial into their overall planning along the riverfront, and in June 1992 they announced plans to construct the Kaiser Shipyards Observation Tower.”

Cantwell’s stories won a national journalism award from the American Planning Association.

“I credit (then-editor) Tom Koenninger for taking an advocacy role in a community he loved,” he said.

Ironically, there’s little left to see of the bustling shipyards that used to be right here. But climbing the tower can still give you a taste of Vancouver history.