WASHINGTON — A few months ago California Democratic Rep. Norma Torres received an anonymous video of someone following her car. The camera pans down to a 9 mm handgun on the seat as a male voice says: “I see you. I got something for you.”
In June, police charged a man with making “terroristic threats” against New York Republican Rep. Tom Reed by leaving a dead rat with a noose around its neck and a brick with one of his family member’s names on the congressman’s doorstep.
Police intervened in January when more than a dozen Trump supporters confronted, surrounded and threatened Rep. Lou Correa, a California Democrat, as he was catching a flight at a Washington airport.
In a year that kicked off with the deadly Jan. 6 attack on the U.S. Capitol, threats against members of Congress are soaring.
In the first three months of the year, Capitol Police recorded 4,135 threats against Congress members. If that pace continues, total threats in 2021 will double those in 2020.
It’s a trend that has been growing for years, and Capitol Police are scrambling to keep pace. They’re rethinking the way they protect Congress members in and outside Washington, forging closer ties with the FBI and opening satellite offices outside the capital for the first time.
And it’s changing the job for lawmakers, who now must tread a fine line between being accessible to the people they represent and keeping themselves, their families and their staff safe. After Jan. 6, some members temporarily relocated their families over concerns that people would target their homes. Others wore bulletproof vests to the presidential inauguration.
“It’s difficult, and particularly difficult for the family,” said Rep. John Garamendi, a California Democrat who once as state legislator had a gun pointed at him during a town hall. “There are risks in this job. There’s no doubt about it. We spend millions of dollars to let everybody know who we are. So you become a target.”
Experts blame much of the increase on social media and cable news, and how easy it has become to threaten members of Congress behind the anonymity of the internet.
Four years of President Donald Trump’s divisive and racist rhetoric played a role, they say, emboldening people to say things publicly that they might have grumbled about privately in the past.
It’s also a side effect of growing partisanship and declining civility. Members have contributed to the problem by sometimes encouraging their supporters to harass political rivals. Activists find it more acceptable to confront lawmakers, not just at town halls, but at lawmakers’ homes or as they eat in restaurants.
Some threats have escalated into violent physical attacks.
Before Jan. 6, there was the 2017 shooting of Republican members of Congress and staff at a practice for the Congressional Baseball Game, and the 2011 shooting of Arizona Democratic Rep. Gabrielle Giffords at a constituent event.
The surge in threats has grown exponentially in recent years. In 2016, Capitol Police investigated 902 threats, former House Sergeant at Arms Paul Irving said in a June 2017 letter to the Federal Election Commission.
By 2018, it was 5,206, and by 2020 it rose to 8,613, according to Capitol Police figures provided to the Los Angeles Times.
Capitol Police officials declined interview requests. Many members of Congress also don’t discuss the threats publicly. Dozens declined requests to speak about their security.
Just tallying, monitoring and investigating the threats has become more difficult for Capitol Police, which doesn’t have the manpower to give all 435 representatives and 100 senators a security detail or to monitor their social media accounts.
In May the department’s inspector general recommended increasing intelligence gathering and surveillance, including creating an entirely new division staffed with analysts, agents and officers, as well as hiring more agents in the Threat Assessment Section. It also urged Capitol Police to work more closely with the FBI to examine threats.
In 2020, the department’s Threat Assessment Section had just over 30 agents and analysts to examine approximately 9,000 cases, according to its response to the May watchdog report.
In July, Capitol Police announced plans to open satellite offices, starting in Northern California and Florida, to help monitor potential threats because it says those are the states where the bulk of the threats come from.
Among the billions Congress recently passed to repay the National Guard for protecting the Capitol after Jan. 6 was $47.8 million for member security and for examining threats, including $5.8 million for new security details; $35.4 million to reimburse and train federal and local law enforcement agencies that help protect members; and $6.6 million to hire and train additional agents to gather intelligence about potential threats.
Members are hoping the new offices and funding will allow Capitol Police to take on more of the burden of identifying threats and deciding who is serious and who might be venting anger online.
Garamendi, the chair of the House Armed Services’ Readiness Subcommittee, said Capitol Police are quick to respond to threats that they know about, but don’t have the resources for intelligence gathering and surveillance.
“Intelligence as it applies to us individually, it just isn’t there. The normal way is: We get a threat and then we inform the Capitol Police or the FBI, ‘Hey we got this threat, why don’t you look into it?’ And they do, and they do a good job,” he said. “But the intelligence — anticipating — it’s not there.”
Rep. Eric Swalwell, D-Calif., said one of his staffers spends hours combing his social media accounts for threats that warrant being forwarded to Capitol Police every time Trump mentions his name online or at a rally.
“My rule is you have to take them at their word, even if a lot of them may not mean it. The second you don’t take them at their word is the second you could see someone in your family hurt,” Swalwell said.
Dozens of cases of people threatening to kill Democratic and Republican lawmakers have been brought in federal court in the past five years. Threatening a federal official is a felony punishable by a fine and up to six years in prison.
For months, Rep. Andy Harris, R-Md., carried a concealed weapon and scanned the street outside his home before leaving after a man called and emailed in December that he was going to slit the congressman’s throat, skin him alive and kill his family.
“You’d be worried about any car that stopped in front of the house on the street,” Harris said. “My family felt like prisoners in their own home.”
Earlier this month the man was convicted and sentenced to weekend jail time, two years of probation and six months of home detention.
Harris said he embraces differences of opinion, but “this person didn’t call my office to complain about a policy. He called my office, threatened me and my family’s life, because of a policy issue.”
Reed once played down the threats. But not after someone targeted his children.
“It traumatized my kids,” Reed said of the dead rat and brick left on his doorstep. “I don’t discount the threats like I used to. You can’t disregard it. You have to recognize it is part of the job.”
Since Jan. 6 more than 100 members have reported spending thousands of dollars each in campaign funds to install security systems and hire bodyguards for public events, according to federal election forms. A few have gotten permits to carry concealed weapons either at home or in Washington.
Some said they’re more likely to remove the pin identifying them as a member of Congress as they leave the heavily fortified Capitol complex. Others dress down on flights, wearing sweatpants and hoodies to avoid drawing attention to themselves.
They’ve insisted on additional emergency training for themselves and their staffs after the confusion and terror of Jan. 6 that left members fumbling to open gas masks they didn’t even know were under their seats. Staffers huddled in locked offices were unsure whether to flee and where.
Swalwell said this year was the first time he paused before bringing his two young children to a constituent event.
“I still took them because I wanted to show that we’re not gonna be bullied out of them being a part of my work in some meaningful way,” he said.
Many of the highest-profile members of the California delegation have been shadowed by Capitol Police on and off for the last few years or have seen people convicted for making threats against them. Four men are serving prison time for threatening to kill Rep. Maxine Waters, D-Calif., since 2018.
At home in their districts, most members primarily rely on local police.
Torres was subject to a torrent of online and in-person threats after arguing with El Salvador President Nayib Bukele this spring.
When multiple men appeared outside her home, flashing gang signs and trying to engage her husband in a fight, Torres scared them off with a gun. It took local police hours to arrive. The threats were so severe that Capitol Police spent five days living in her home.
Torres moved out of her former Washington apartment in the basement of a house and into a high-rise building with 24-hour security.
“I just don’t feel safe anymore,” she said.
