Weston: Beware high-risk homes that drive up insurance

“If they have to cross over a bridge, it’s not only a consideration of can a car go over that bridge, but also can a fire engine,” she says.

Some homes are at such high risk of wildfires and severe weather — hurricanes, tornadoes, windstorms and hail — that private companies won’t insure them. Without insurance, you can’t get a mortgage, so you’d need to turn to state-run risk pools such as Beach and Windstorm Plans or Fair Access to Insurance Requirements Plans, better known as FAIR. These policies typically cost more and cover less than regular homeowners insurance.

Also, many homeowners policies in storm-prone areas have hurricane deductibles that are higher than the normal deductible, says Loretta Worters, vice president of media relations for the Insurance Information Institute, a trade group. Instead of paying the first $500 or $1,000 of a claim out of pocket, you may have to pay 1% to 5% of the home’s value before coverage kicks in.

Talking to the neighbors and a local insurance agent can give you a better idea of what costs you might face.

WATER DAMAGE IS A BIG DEAL

Getting coverage for an older house with outdated wiring, heating systems or plumbing can be a challenge as well because of the risk of fire or water damage. Burst pipes and leaky water lines are among the biggest causes of water damage, which costs insurers and homeowners billions of dollars a year.

Homebuyers may be able to lower their insurance costs by updating those systems and by installing water sensors or a whole-house monitoring system, which shuts off the water supply if a leak is detected, Naughton says. Those systems can range from $600 to several thousand dollars, she says.

Flood risk is also a concern, Naughton says. Flooding isn’t covered by regular homeowners insurance policies, and typically only homes in the highest-risk zones are required by mortgage lenders to buy special flood policies. But the federal government’s flood maps may understate the risk to many properties, especially as hurricanes get stronger and bring intense rainfall along with larger storm surges.

“We’re seeing coastal flooding that’s going in quite a bit,” Naughton says. “People who previously didn’t consider flood insurance should because of the rain aspect as well as the surges.”

Again, talking to the neighbors and a local insurance agent can help you assess the potential costs. You can get quotes for flood insurance from the National Flood Insurance Program as well as a few private insurers.

EARTH-SHAKING RISKS

The U.S. Geological Survey says 16 states are at high risk for a damaging earthquake in the next half-century: Alaska, Arkansas, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Kentucky, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, South Carolina, Tennessee, Utah, Washington and Wyoming.

Earthquakes are another hazard excluded from homeowners policies, although some private insurers offer earthquake policies, and people in the Golden State can buy coverage from the California Earthquake Authority. Deductibles range from 5% to 25% of the policy limit.

Certain types of houses may be at particular risk of earthquake damage, including those built before 1980 that have a stem wall — a wood-framed first floor that rests on a concrete perimeter — or a cripple wall, which is a short wooden wall between the foundation and the wood-framed first floor. Both types can be made more secure by anchoring them to their foundations with bolts and braces. Post-and-pier houses, which rest on pilings rather than on a continuous foundation, would need to have a concrete foundation created to make them safer.

Living spaces above garages or other large openings, also known as “soft story” buildings, and homes on steep hillsides should be evaluated by structural engineers for their vulnerability to damage.

Obviously, there’s no such thing as a risk-free house, and you may decide that you’re willing to pay the price of higher insurance or mitigation costs. But that’s a choice you should make before you buy, rather than finding yourself stuck with a bill after it’s too late.

“People should walk into these situations with eyes wide open,” Naughton says.