Dr. Larry Sherman’s research at Oregon Health & Science University focuses on brains that have been damaged by diseases like multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer’s. But he’s made a side project of tracking and popularizing the latest findings about music’s positive, restorative effects on brains that are aging normally.
The teen brain used to be seen as fully grown and finished — hence the myth that you can’t really master music or a foreign language unless you study them in childhood. Recent science has turned up the opposite, Sherman said. The brain retains remarkable “neuroplasticity” (that is, an ability to keep reacting to new stimuli by retraining, regrowing and reshaping) much later into life.
Here are three brain ingredients that grow and strengthen when people study music, Sherman said. The benefits are available to anyone with a brain, but older adults may be especially interested.
•Myelin. That’s a protective, protein-rich, fatty material that forms sheaths around nerve cells in the brain and central nervous system. The more you have, the faster your nerve impulses will travel, Sherman said. Lots of myelin helps impulses flash about as quickly as traffic on an empty freeway at midnight, he said. Disappearing myelin slows those impulses down so it’s more like rush hour on Interstate 5.
“When we learn new things we generate new myelin,” Sherman said. “Studying music is a great stimulus for growing new myelin.”
•Synapses. Those are junctions between nerve cells traveled by chemical and electrical impulses.
“As we age, we lose synapses. When we learn new things, we generate new synapses,” Sherman said. “Making instrumental music is so challenging on so many levels, you are integrating so many different things — fine motor skills, senses, memory and cognition. It’s an excellent way to grow and strengthen synapses.”
•Neurons, aka brain cells. “The dogma has been that we get a certain number of neurons in life and it’s all downhill from there,” Sherman said. “We can generate new neurons as we age. It takes a lot of effort, but musicians seem to be generating some of these cells.”
— Scott Hewitt