The Great Chicken Sandwich War of 2019 ruffled some feathers, everyone taking sides, Chick-fil-A, Popeyes and Wendy’s sending salvos over Twitter, prompting taste tests, editorials about cultural appropriation and extreme chicken sandwich partisanship. Americans queued up in absurd lines until Popeyes ran out of chicken. And buns.
And then last week Popeyes scheduled a reunion, chicken sandwich and admirers together at last, the event pointedly poised to unfold on Sunday, the day Chick-fil-A is customarily shuttered.
All of this poultry pandemonium has prompted some consumers and industry experts to wonder whether the beef burger is imperiled, and the chicken sandwich on the ascent. There are interesting statistics: According to the National Chicken Council, in 1976 total per capita beef consumption in the U.S. was 94 pounds; chicken was 42. Last year beef was 57 pounds and chicken consumption rose to almost 94 pounds per person. So, overall, American consumers have swapped out beef in favor of chicken.
That does not tell the whole story, says Kim McLynn of the market research firm NPD Group. Sales of beef burgers, at 6.4 billion annually, are triple those of chicken sandwiches. Beef burgers declined by less than 1 percent last year, attributable partly to the rise of plant-based meats like Impossible Burger and Beyond Meat. Chicken sandwiches’ market share, 2.2 billion sandwiches, moved up only 3 percent.
For fast food, beef is still king.
Some of this is because of demographics and lifestyle changes, says David Portalatin, vice president and food industry adviser for NPD.
Eighty percent of what we eat over the course of a day is sourced from our own refrigerators and pantries, he says. But if you look at where we get our hamburgers, the numbers are nearly flipped, with 69 percent from a restaurant. A lot of that is because of burgers’ longtime running mate, the french fry. We love to eat them; we hate to cook them at home.
“We consume a lot of chicken at home. It’s a center-of-the-plate protein, in a casserole or a baked dish. We don’t consume them at home as chicken sandwiches,” Portalatin says.
He says beef burgers are the No. 1 most ordered restaurant item now, as they were 10 years ago and, he predicts, 10 years from now.
Portability, convenience
Boomers are retiring and thus not going to an office, and many more people are working remotely from home. More restaurant food is being consumed at home — whether via delivery or takeout — and this pulls for the convenience of portability and “handholds.”
Wings and other bone-in chicken parts are messier, harder to eat in the car. And they remind us of the animals from whence they came, a fact, says Portalatin, that millennials and Gen Z may be squeamish about. A breaded, boneless, skinless chicken sandwich is more divorced from something with feathers. Also, because each bird has only two wings, the rise of “boneless wings” (frequently strips of boneless, skinless breast) and chicken tenders is about restaurant chains managing their cost and being assured of sufficient supply.
So what are the chicken sandwich wars about?
“This whole thing is not about chicken sandwiches,” says Portalatin. “It’s about the virality of the story. And it’s a reflection of the performance of chains like Chick-fil-A.”
And about Popeyes running out of chicken?
Nick Reader, chief executive and co-founder of regional chicken chain PDQ, says that might have been a little bit of theatrics.
“Frozen chicken never runs out. You’re not seeing a chicken shortage anywhere in the country. If you’re selling something that is making money, you figure out a way to produce it,” Reader says.
He says the Popeyes chicken sandwich will be a case study in how to launch a limited-time offer, but warns that such offers may rebound against the company if they extend the drive-thru speed. If a product launch is so huge that it taxes workers and alienates some core customers, a pause or discontinuation may be in order.
