Human Papillomavirus Cancers
Dr. Allen Cheng, who specializes in head and neck cancer for Legacy Health, said vaccination is the best preventive measure one can use to protect against HPV-positive cancer.
“The only preventative thing has been to recommend the vaccine,” Cheng said.
HPV, a sexually transmitted disease, can cause genital warts and at least six types of cancer, including almost all cervical cancers and anal cancers as well as cancers in the throat. HPV has hundreds of strains, most of which don’t cause warts or cancer, and most adults will encounter at least one of the more benign strains in their lifetime.
The vaccine, Gardasil 9, protects against nine of the strains most likely to cause cancer. According to statistics provided by Legacy Salmon Creek Medical Center spokesperson Kelly Love, there are nearly 40,000 HPV-associated cancers annually in the U.S. About 23,000 cancers are in women and 16,500 are in men.
Clark County has the highest incidence rate in Washington for oropharyngeal cancer — which is cancer in the back of the throat, including the base of tongue and tonsils — in males older than 50, according to stats provided by Legacy. Clark County also has the second-highest death rate for oropharyngeal cancer in Washington.
It’s recommended to administer the vaccine around age 11 before sexual activity starts, but the vaccine can be administered through age 45. The latency period for HPV cancers is prolonged. Someone can contract HPV without noticeable symptoms and not be diagnosed with cancer for a decade or longer, Cheng said. Awareness of the HPV vaccine is rising, but there are still many parents who don’t know about its effectiveness, Cheng said.
Discussing the vaccine with younger children can be tough for parents because it involves talking about sex, but Cheng said these conversations are helpful and important.
“Because this cancer is tied to a sexually transmitted disease, there’s a lot of stigma on both ends, talking about the cancer itself and the prevention methods. So there’s a lot of questions that come out of that that people can very embarrassed or ashamed about,” Cheng said. “Just because you got it doesn’t mean you were especially promiscuous. I would say there’s no evidence to suggest this has anything to do with current behaviors or promiscuity or whatnot.”
— Wyatt Stayner