If you’ve been around cats, you have probably noticed that they spend time licking their fur. A lot of time. The main reason — as you probably guessed — is to clean themselves.
But there’s more to cats’ grooming than cleaning their coats. KidsPost talked to Leigh Pitsko, who has experience not only with house cats but also with rather large cats. As assistant curator of great cats at the National Zoo in Washington, D.C., Pitsko takes care of six African lions, an Amur tiger and a Sumatran tiger. Their grooming behavior, she says, is the same as what you would see with pet cats.
When cats lick their fur to clean up, they’re using a tool that’s better designed than your typical washcloth.
“Their tongue is actually like sandpaper,” Pitsko said. “They have tiny hooks called papillae. When they glide across the fur, it acts like a comb.”
So they de-tangle and remove mats in their fur as they bathe. The process also helps them stay comfortable, Pitsko said.
“They spread a natural oil that’s in their skin,” she said. “It kind of acts as an insulator and can keep them warm in the winter.”
In hot weather, spreading the saliva all over their coats helps them stay cool. As the saliva evaporates, it releases heat from the body. (Cats also sweat, but only through their paws.)
There’s also a social part of grooming.
“Cats will groom each other to show signs of affection,” Pitsko said. “Our big cats … they’re always grooming each other.”
As hunters, cats also wouldn’t want a scent on them that would let prey know they are approaching.
“If they have something really stinky on them, they’re going to have to get it off,” Pitsko said.
But she has also witnessed behavior that may disprove that theory.
“I’ve seen cats roll in things to make themselves stinky,” Pitsko said.
Usually, grooming is a good thing, but too much of it can be a sign of a stressed-out cat. Pitsko said zookeepers watch for bare spots on a lion’s or tiger’s coat, sometimes at the end of their tail. “That’s a sign that something’s wrong,” she said.
For a house cat, a similar bald patch would probably mean it’s time for a trip to the vet.
The vet might also want to stop a cat from licking after a surgery or because of a skin problem. Saliva has bacteria in it, but it also has proteins that have been shown to help wounds heal. Scientists don’t agree whether letting a cat lick a wound is better than keeping the bacteria away — often with the help of a cone around the cat’s head.
