It’s the No. 1 reason why mortgage applicants nationwide get rejected: They’re carrying too much debt relative to their monthly incomes. It’s especially a deal-killer for millennials early in their careers who have to stretch every month to pay the rent and bills.
But here’s some good news: The country’s largest source of mortgage money, Fannie Mae, soon plans to ease its debt-to-income (DTI) requirements, potentially opening the door to home purchase mortgages for large numbers of new buyers. Fannie will be raising its DTI ceiling from the current 45 percent to 50 percent, as of July 29.
DTI is essentially a ratio that compares your gross monthly income with your monthly payment on all debt accounts — credit cards, auto loans, student loans, etc., plus the projected payments on the new mortgage you are seeking. If you’ve got $7,000 in household monthly income and $3,000 in monthly debt payments, your DTI is 43 percent. If you’ve got the same income but $4,000 in debt payments, your DTI is 57 percent.
In the mortgage arena, the lower your DTI ratio, the better. The federal “qualified mortgage” rule sets the safe maximum at 43 percent, but Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the Federal Housing Administration currently have exemptions allowing them to buy or insure loans with higher ratios.
Studies by the Federal Reserve and FICO, the credit scoring company, have documented that high DTIs doom more mortgage applications — and are viewed more critically by lenders — than any other factor. And for good reason: If you are loaded down with monthly debts, you’re at a higher statistical risk of falling behind on your mortgage payments.
Using data spanning nearly a decade and a half, Fannie’s researchers analyzed borrowers with DTIs in the 45 percent to 50 percent range and found that a significant number of them actually have good credit and are not prone to default.
“We feel very comfortable” with the increased DTI ceiling, Steve Holden, Fannie’s vice president of single family analytics, told me. “What we’re seeing is that a lot of borrowers have other factors” in their credit profiles that reduce the risks associated with slightly higher DTIs. They make significant down payments, they’ve got financial reserves of 12 months or more set aside to handle a financial emergency without missing a mortgage payment. As a result, analysts concluded that there’s some room here to treat these applicants differently than they had been previously.
Lenders are welcoming the change. “It’s a big deal,” says Joe Petrowsky, owner of Right Trac Financial Group Inc. in the Hartford, Conn., area. “There are so many clients that end up above the 45 percent debt ratio threshold” who currently get rejected, he said. Now they’ve got a shot.
That doesn’t mean everybody with a 45 percent-plus DTI ratio is going to get approved under the new policy. Applicants still need to be vetted by Fannie’s automated underwriting system, which examines the totality of the application, from down payment to income, credit scores, loan-to-value ratio and other indices. The system weighs the good and the not-so-good in your application, then decides if you meet the company’s standards.
Fannie’s change may be most important to homebuyers whose DTIs now limit them to just one option in the marketplace: an FHA loan. FHA traditionally has been generous when it comes to debt burdens — it allows DTIs well in excess of 50 percent for some borrowers.
FHA has a major drawback in Petrowsky’s view. It requires most borrowers to keep paying mortgage insurance premiums for the life of the loan, long after any real risk of financial loss to FHA has disappeared. But Fannie Mae uses private mortgage insurance on its low down payment loans, the premiums on which are canceled automatically when the principal balance drops to 78 percent of the original property value. Freddie Mac, another major player in the market, also uses private mortgage insurance and sometimes will accept loan applications with DTIs above 45 percent.
The downside with Fannie and Freddie: Their credit score requirements tend to be more restrictive than FHA’s. So if you have a FICO score in the mid-600s and high debt, FHA may still be your main option, even with Fannie’s new approach on DTI.
Kenneth R. Harney of the Washington Post Writers Group is a past member of the Federal Reserve Board’s Consumer Advisory Council and is currently on the board of directors of the National Association of Real Estate Editors. Reach him at KenHarney@earthlink.net
