ST. LOUIS — Peabody Energy, the nation’s largest coal miner, filed for bankruptcy protection Wednesday as a crosscurrent of environmental, technological and economic changes wreak havoc across the industry.
Mines and offices at Peabody, a company founded in 1833 by 24-year-old Francis S. Peabody, will continue to operate as it moves through the bankruptcy process. However, Peabody’s planned sale of its New Mexico and Colorado assets were terminated after the buyer was unable to complete the deal.
The bankruptcy filing comes less than three months after another from Arch Coal, the country’s second-largest miner, which followed bankruptcy filings from Alpha Natural Resources, Patriot Coal and Walter Energy.
New energy technology and tightening environmental regulations have throttled the industry and led to a wave of mine closures and job cuts. Peabody makes most of its money by selling its coal to major utilities that power the nation’s electric grid.
Coal still powers about a third of the U.S. electrical grid, despite the rapid succession of bankruptcies.
“One hundred years from now, will people say this was the beginning of the end of coal?” asked Anthony Sabino, a professor at St. John’s University’s Peter J. Tobin College of Business and a bankruptcy expert. “Maybe. But are they going to say that five years from now, 10 years from now? I don’t think so.”
The financial well-being of Peabody, whose stock has been halved in just the last year, has been in decline since 2011, said James Gellert, CEO of Rapid Ratings International, a New York firm that evaluates default risks.
New drilling techniques have allowed U.S. energy companies to free enormous amounts of natural gas, driving prices lower. The result of those plunging prices and changing environmental regulations has pushed major utilities to choose natural gas over coal to power electric grids.
Coal demand has tumbled and the effects have been devastating in coal mining communities from West Virginia to Montana. Slowing economic growth globally has added to the pressures.
The St. Louis miner filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Missouri and has obtained $800 million in debtor-in-possession financing facilities.
