Dear Mr. Berko: Please tell me what the differences are among upstream, midstream and downstream oil and gas companies. My stockbroker suggested that I buy 500 shares of USD Partners, which he thinks is a solid speculation. What do you know about this company, and would you recommend this for a 60-year-old single lady who hopes to retire in two years?
— D.S., Wilmington, N.C.
Dear D.S.: The oil and gas industry is usually divided into the three sectors you mentioned.
The upstream sector deals with the exploration and production of oil and natural gas. This includes searching for oil and gas underground or underwater, drilling exploratory wells and operating wells that bring oil and gas to the surface. Among the most prominent upstream companies are Exxon Mobil, which produces about 5.3 million barrels of oil per day, BP, which produces 4.1 million BPD, Royal Dutch Shell, producing 3.9 million BPD, and Chevron, producing about 1.8 million BPD. And it might be interesting to know that the National Iranian Oil Co. may soon be producing 6.4 million BPD.
“Downstream” refers to the refining of oil and the processing and purifying of raw natural gas, plus the marketing and distribution of the products derived from oil and natural gas. Those products are kerosene, gasoline, jet and diesel fuels, heating oils, waxes, asphalt, lubricants, liquefied petroleum products, and hundreds of petrochemicals. Some of the most recognized downstream companies are Tesoro (TSO-$100), Magellan Midstream Partners (MMP-$67) and Marathon Oil (MRO-$18).