WASHINGTON — The Senate overwhelmingly approved a far-reaching energy bill Wednesday that reflects significant changes in U.S. oil and natural gas production over the past decade and boosts alternative energy sources such as wind and solar power.
The bill also would speed federal approval of projects to export liquefied natural gas to Europe and Asia, where prices are higher than in the U.S. following a yearlong boom in domestic gas production.
With a 85-12 vote, the Senate backed its first ambitious energy bill in nearly a decade.
Sen. Lisa Murkowski, an Alaska Republican and chairwoman of the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee, said the bill represented “energy modernization” on a broad scale, reflecting almost a decade’s worth of changes in technologies and markets in the energy sector.
“Moving forward with this act will help America produce more energy, help Americans save more money and bring us one step closer to becoming a global energy superpower,” Murkowski said.
The bill would boost renewables such as solar and wind power, as well as hydropower, geothermal energy and even critical minerals such as cobalt, beryllium and lithium that are used in cellphones, computers and other electronics.
The bill also would encourage so-called clean-coal technology, including projects to capture carbon dioxide generated by coal-fired power plants, and increase public-private partnerships to develop advanced nuclear technologies.
The measure now must be reconciled with a House-passed version that boosts fossil fuels such as oil, coal and natural gas. President Barack Obama has threatened to veto the House measure.
Sen. Maria Cantwell of Washington state, the senior Democrat on the energy panel, called energy “the lifeblood of our economy” and said the Senate bill would push the nation toward “cleaner, more efficient, more cost-effective and renewable energy sources.”
Congress last approved broad energy measures in 2005 and 2007, during the George W. Bush administration. The two laws aimed to boost U.S. energy independence by cutting reliance on imported oil, boosting fuel economy standards for cars and imposing a mandate for ethanol in gasoline.
Since then, the U.S. energy landscape has changed dramatically, as improved drilling techniques, including hydraulic fracturing, have sparked a yearslong boom that has pushed the United States toward become the world’s top producer of oil and natural gas. Hydraulic fracturing, also known as fracking, involves injecting water mixed with sand and chemicals into underground rock formations, allowing oil and gas to flow.
The catch-all measure would update building codes to increase efficiency, strengthen electric-grid safety standards and reauthorize a half-billion-dollar conservation fund that protects parks and other public lands.
Murkowski and Cantwell worked on the energy bill for more than a year, incorporating dozens of amendments that reflected pent-up policy demands from senators who had not crafted national energy policy in nearly a decade. The bill included 29 amendments adopted by voice vote Tuesday and at least 32 others added in recent weeks.
Despite the overwhelming vote, the Senate bill drew opposition across the political spectrum.
