SEOUL, South Korea — South Korean voters handed President Park Geun-hye a stunning political setback by denying her conservative party a majority in the next National Assembly, poll results showed Thursday.
The outcome, which came as a surprise to many, will likely threaten Park’s plans to push ahead with controversial economic reforms, including plans to make it easier for companies to lay off workers, and blow open next year’s presidential race. The emergence of a new center-left party also ensures further changes to South Korea’s political landscape, which had long been shaped by two-party dynamics.
Prior to Wednesday’s parliamentary election, pollsters had predicted that the ruling Saenuri Party would crush a divided opposition and raise its expectations to take the presidency in 2017, after Park’s single term expires.
But after more than 99 percent of the votes were counted early Thursday, Saenuri wasn’t even the party with the largest number of seats, let alone a majority in the 300-seat assembly.
Saenuri candidates won or were leading in 104 of the 253 areas producing regional representatives, trailing the main opposition Minjoo Party, whose candidates won or were front-runners in 110 areas. The People’s Party, a new party created mostly by those who left Minjoo, won in 24 areas and was leading in two more.
Minjoo trounced Saenuri in Seoul and the neighboring metropolitan areas, where the two largest parties competed most fiercely. However, the People’s Party, led by Minjoo defector and likely presidential candidate Ahn Cheol-soo, dominated Minjoo in its traditional strongholds in the southwest Jeolla region.
The remaining 47 proportional representation seats will be allocated to parties according to the outcome of the party vote. A preliminary vote count showed Saenuri winning 15 seats compared to 11 each by Minjoo and the People’s Party.
The National Election Commission was expected to announce the official results soon.
There has been disappointment among South Koreans over a sluggish economy, with official figures showing household debt reaching new highs and the unemployment rate for people under 30 reaching levels not seen since the late 1990s, when millions lost their jobs during a crippling financial crisis.
The outcome of the vote indicates that the opposition parties have successfully absorbed conservative voters who have become disappointed with Park. Months before the vote, Minjoo brought in as chairman scholar-turned-politician Kim Chong In, who had advised Park on economic policies during the 2012 presidential campaign. Ahn, the founder of one of South Korea’s largest computer software companies, has portrayed himself as a politician whose strength is with economic issues.
